Journal: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing

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2 articles found

Analytical Analysis of Different Karats of Gold Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS) and Laser Ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS)

Author: Ahmed, N. ; et. al.

Journal: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing (2018)

Applications

DOI: 10.1007/s11090-017-9862-2

Authors
Ahmed, R. ; Baig, M. A.

Keywords

LIBS; Karats of gold; Elemental composition; Plasma parameters; LA-TOF-mass spectrometry;ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; INDUCED PLASMA; ALLOYS; TRANSITIONS; LIFETIMES; LITHIUM; SAMPLES; LINES

Abstract

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with a laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS) has been developed for discrimination/analysis of the precious gold alloys cartage. Five gold alloys of Karats 18K, 19K, 20K, 22K and 24K having certified composition of gold as 75, 79, 85, 93 and 99.99% were tested and their precise elemental compositions were determined using the laser produced plasma technique. The plasma was generated by focusing beam of a Nd:YAG laser on the target in air and its time integrated emission spectra were registered in the range 250-870 nm. The calibration free LIBS technique (CF-LIBS) was used for the quantitative determination of the constituent elements present in different Karats of gold. Elemental compositions of these gold alloys were also determined using a Laser Ablation time of flight mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS). The LIBS limit of detection was calculated from the calibration curves for copper, silver and gold. Results of CF-LIBS and LA-TOF-MS are in excellent agreement with the certified values. It is demonstrated that LIBS coupled with LA-TOF-MS is an efficient technique that can be used to analyze any precious alloys in a fraction of a second.

Area:

Industry

Material:

Gold

Elements:

Lines [nm]:

Cu I 261.84 nm Cu I 282.44 nm Cu I 293.31 nm Cu I 296.12 nm Cu I 299.74 nm Cu I 324.75 nm Cu I 327.40 nm Cu I 330.79 nm Cu I 465.11 nm Cu I 510.55 nm Cu I 515.32 nm Cu I 521.82 nm Cu I 529.25 nm Cu I 570.02 nm Cu I 578.21 nm Cu I 809.26 nm

Lines [nm]:

Au I 264.15 nm Au I 267.60 nm Au I 268.87 nm Au I 270.09 nm Au I 274.83 nm Au I 288.35 nm Au I 302.92 nm Au I 312.28 nm Au I 322.53 nm Au I 406.51 nm Au I 479.26 nm Au I 481.16 nm Au I 523.03 nm Au I 583.74 nm Au I 627.82 nm Au I 751.07 nm

Lines [nm]:

Ag I 328.07 nm Ag I 520.91 nm Ag I 546.55 nm Ag II 250.71 nm Ag II 266.04 nm Ag II 276.75 nm Ag II 283.76 nm Ag II 289.63 nm Ag II 795.73 nm

Lines [nm]:

N I 742.36 nm N I 744.23 nm N I 746.83 nm N I 818.49 nm N I 821.63 nm N I 868.03 nm

Lines [nm]:

O I 777.19 nm O I 777.42 nm O I 777.54 nm O I 844.62 nm O I 844.64 nm O I 844.68 nm

...

Emmision lines:
Ag II 250.71 nm
Cu I 261.84 nm
Au I 264.15 nm
Ag II 266.04 nm
Au I 267.60 nm
Au I 268.87 nm
Au I 270.09 nm
Au I 274.83 nm
Ag II 276.75 nm
Cu I 282.44 nm
Ag II 283.76 nm
Au I 288.35 nm
Ag II 289.63 nm
Cu I 293.31 nm
Cu I 296.12 nm
Cu I 299.74 nm
Au I 302.92 nm
Au I 312.28 nm
Au I 322.53 nm
Cu I 324.75 nm
Cu I 327.40 nm
Ag I 328.07 nm
Cu I 330.79 nm
Au I 406.51 nm
Cu I 465.11 nm
Au I 479.26 nm
Au I 481.16 nm
Cu I 510.55 nm
Cu I 515.32 nm
Ag I 520.91 nm
Cu I 521.82 nm
Au I 523.03 nm
Cu I 529.25 nm
Ag I 546.55 nm
Cu I 570.02 nm
Cu I 578.21 nm
Au I 583.74 nm
Au I 627.82 nm
H I 656.28 nm
N I 742.36 nm
N I 744.23 nm
N I 746.83 nm
Au I 751.07 nm
O I 777.19 nm
O I 777.42 nm
O I 777.54 nm
Ag II 795.73 nm
Cu I 809.26 nm
N I 818.49 nm
N I 821.63 nm
O I 844.62 nm
O I 844.64 nm
O I 844.68 nm
N I 868.03 nm

Laser Induced Surface Morphology of Molybdenum Correlated with Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author: Akram, M. ; et. al.

Journal: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing (2017)

Fundamentals

DOI: 10.1007/s11090-016-9752-z

Authors
Bashir, S. ; Hayat, A. ; Mahmood, K. ; Rafique, M. S.

Keywords

Laser ablation; Micro structuring; Crater depth; Molybdenum; LIBS; Electron temperature and number density;ABLATED PLASMA EMISSION; NDYAG LASER; THIN-FILMS; METALS; ATMOSPHERE; BEAM; VAPORIZATION; PARAMETERS; FLUENCES; VACUUM

Abstract

Surface modifications of laser irradiated molybdenum have been correlated with plasma parameters. Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) was employed at various laser irradiances ranging from 6 to 50 GW/cm(2) under argon environment. The ablation efficiency has been investigated by measuring the crater depth using surface profilometry analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis reveals the formation of coarse grains along with cracked boundaries, cavities and cones at the central ablated areas. Whereas, uplifted re-solidified material, cavities, ridges, droplets and cones were observed at boundary regions. LaserInduced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis has been performed to evaluate electron temperature and number density of molybdenum plasma. Electron temperature and electron density varies from 6670 to 9305 K and 0.62 x 10(18) to 0.72 x 10(18) cm(-3) respectively. Both the parameters showed similar trend in variation with laser irradiance i.e. an initial increase from 13 to 19 GW/cm(2) followed by a decrease from 19 to 25 GW/cm(2) and then a saturation from 25 to 50 GW/cm(2). The initial increasing trend is attributed to the enhanced excited vapor content of the ablated material, confinement effects of the surrounding argon and absorption of laser energy into the molybdenum vapor plasma during the trailing part of laser pulse leading to ignition of laser supported combustion (LSW) waves. The decreasing trend is attributed to the shielding effect and saturation is explainable on the basis of the formation of a self-regulating regime. Surface modifications of laser irradiated molybdenum were correlated with the plasma parameters.

Area:

Plasma diagnostics

Material:

Molybdenum

Elements:

Lines [nm]:

Mo I 340.43 nm Mo I 344.58 nm Mo I 414.36 nm Mo I 418.83 nm Mo I 425.50 nm Mo I 427.69 nm Mo I 428.86 nm Mo I 432.58 nm Mo I 441.16 nm Mo I 447.46 nm Mo I 462.65 nm Mo I 470.82 nm Mo I 475.85 nm Mo I 481.11 nm Mo I 536.05 nm Mo I 550.65 nm Mo I 553.30 nm Mo I 568.91 nm Mo I 585.83 nm Mo I 592.64 nm

Lines [nm]:

Ar I 578.95 nm Ar I 696.54 nm Ar I 763.51 nm Ar II 357.66 nm Ar II 360.39 nm Ar II 379.66 nm Ar II 386.13 nm Ar II 390.06 nm Ar II 407.08 nm Ar II 535.86 nm Ar II 574.94 nm Ar II 588.61 nm Ar II 602.82 nm

Emmision lines:
Mo I 340.43 nm
Mo I 344.58 nm
Ar II 357.66 nm
Ar II 360.39 nm
Ar II 379.66 nm
Ar II 386.13 nm
Ar II 390.06 nm
Ar II 407.08 nm
Mo I 414.36 nm
Mo I 418.83 nm
Mo I 425.50 nm
Mo I 427.69 nm
Mo I 428.86 nm
Mo I 432.58 nm
Mo I 441.16 nm
Mo I 447.46 nm
Mo I 462.65 nm
Mo I 470.82 nm
Mo I 475.85 nm
Mo I 481.11 nm
Ar II 535.86 nm
Mo I 536.05 nm
Mo I 550.65 nm
Mo I 553.30 nm
Mo I 568.91 nm
Ar II 574.94 nm
Ar I 578.95 nm
Mo I 585.83 nm
Ar II 588.61 nm
Mo I 592.64 nm
Ar II 602.82 nm
Ar I 696.54 nm
Ar I 763.51 nm

Journal: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing

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