Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; Plasma confinement; signal-to-noise ratio; signal precision;INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-EMISSION; GALVANIZED STEEL; ENHANCEMENT; IMPROVEMENT; EXCITATION; LIBS; SENSITIVITY; ABLATION; PULSES

The present work focuses on the influence of the angle of observation on the emission signal from copper plasmas. Plasma plumes have been generated inside a home-made chamber consisting of two parallel glass windows spaced by 2.5mm. This chamber allows observing plasma plumes from different collection angles throughout their perimeter, spanning from 20 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the surface of the Cu target. In order to minimize the observed volume of the plasma, measurements were made from the closest distance possible through a metallic hollow tube. Single-pulse and collinear double-pulse excitation schemes with a Nd:YAG laser (1064nm, 5ns) have been investigated. The results have shown that the selection of the best angle to collect light from the plasma is related to the excitation mode. On the other hand, the shot-to-shot signal variability has been found to depend on the shape of plasma plumes. In single-pulse excitation, a good correlation between the observed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) emission (from spatially confined plumes) and their integrated signal of plasma image has been ascertained. However, this fact was less evident in double-pulse LIBS, which could be due to a different mechanism involved in the ablation process.